Apparatus for Dispensing Medicinal Fluids and Method of Making Same

ABSTRACT

A dispensing device and the method of making same for dispensing medicaments to a patient that includes a housing, a first assembly connected to the first end of the housing that includes a body portion, and a penetrating sub-assembly. The first assembly also includes a rate control chip of novel construction that is connected to the penetrating sub-assembly and functions to control the rate of flow of medicinal fluid to the patient. Disposed within the housing is a second assembly that includes a shuttle, a collapsible container carried by the shuttle and a plurality of variable force springs that function to thrust the collapsible container into penetrating engagement with the penetrating member of the penetrating assembly and then to collapse the collapsible container to deliver the medicinal fluid to the patient. Connected to the second end of the housing is a novel third assembly that includes an operating member that functions to controllably move the shuttle forwardly of the housing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a Continuation In Part of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 14/455,891 Filed Aug. 9, 2014 and entitled “Apparatus For Dispensing Medicinal Fluids and Method of Making Same”.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable

INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC

Not applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to fluid dispensing devices. More particularly, the invention concerns a novel, compact fluid dispenser for dispensing medicinal fluids such as Bupivacaine to ambulatory patients. The fluid dispenser is specifically configured for use at the point-of-care and will allow drug or fluid infusion to be initiated during virtually any phase of care in any healthcare setting, and continue uninterrupted while en-route to other medical facilities or during rehabilitation.

2. Description of Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 1.98

A number of different types of medicament dispensers for dispensing medicaments to ambulatory patients have been suggested in the past. Many of the devices seek either to improve or to replace the traditional gravity flow and hypodermic syringe methods which have been the standard for delivery of liquid medicaments for many years.

With regard to the prior art, one of the most versatile and unique fluid delivery apparatus developed in recent years is that developed by Marshall Kriesel and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,205,820. The components of this novel fluid delivery apparatus generally include: a base assembly, an elastomeric membrane serving as a stored energy means, fluid flow channels for filling and delivery, flow control means, a cover, and an ullage which comprises a part of the base assembly.

Another fluid dispensing device is disclosed in United States Publication No. 2005/0277884 that was published on Dec. 15, 2005. This publication discloses a compact fluid dispenser for use in controllably dispensing fluid medicaments such as antibiotics, analgesics, and like medicinal agents from the device reservoir which is provided in the form of a novel bellows-type assembly. The fluid dispenser includes a unique stored energy mechanism which takes the form of a constant-force spring member of novel design that provides the force necessary to continuously and substantially uniformly expel fluid from the device reservoir. The device also includes novel adjustable flow rate control assembly that is disposed intermediate the fluid reservoir outlet and the outlet port of the device for precisely controlling the rate of fluid flow from the outlet port toward the patient.

Still another fluid dispensing apparatus is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,220,245. This apparatus comprises a compact fluid dispenser for use in controllably dispensing fluid medicaments such as, antibiotics, oncolylotics, hormones, steroids, blood clotting agents, analgesics, and like medicinal agents from prefilled containers at a uniform rate. The dispenser uniquely includes a stored energy source that is provided in the form of a substantially constant-force, compressible-expandable wave spring that provides the force necessary to continuously and uniformly expel fluid from the device reservoir. The device further includes a fluid flow control assembly that precisely controls the flow of medicament solution to the patient.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

By way of brief summary, one form of the apparatus of the invention for dispensing fluids to a patient comprises housing and a first assembly connected to the first end of said housing that includes a body portion and a penetrating sub-assembly that is connected to the body portion. The first assembly also includes a rate control chip of novel construction that is connected to the penetrating sub-assembly and functions to control the rate of flow of medicinal fluid to the patient. Disposed within the housing is a second assembly that includes a shuttle, a collapsible container carried by the shuttle and a plurality of variable force springs that function to thrust the collapsible container into penetrating engagement with the penetrating member of the penetrating assembly and then to collapse the collapsible container to deliver the medicinal fluid to the patient. Connected to the second end of the housing is a novel third assembly that includes an operating member that is threadably connected to the shuttle. The operating member functions to controllably move the shuttle forwardly of the housing. The apparatus also includes a novel locking mechanism that releasably locks the operating member against rotation relative to the shuttle.

With the forgoing in mind, it is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus of the character described that can be used for dispensing medicinal fluids in hospitals, surgery centers, home care, austere environments, and various other alternate sites of care. The fluid delivery apparatus is uniquely configured for use at the point-of-care and will allow drug or fluid infusion to be initiated during virtually any phase of care, in any healthcare setting, and continue uninterrupted, while en-route to other medical facilities or during rehabilitation.

Additionally, the self-contained and therapy-specific nature of the fluid delivery apparatus functions to reduce the probability of costly and potentially life-threatening medication errors.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispensing apparatus that can be used for controllably dispensing at a uniform rate a wide variety of fluid medicaments, such as Bupivacane, Ropivaciane, Propofol and like medicinals.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispensing apparatus of the character described in the preceding paragraph in which the first assembly that includes the penetrating sub-assembly and the rate control chip and a portion of the second assembly that includes the collapsible container can be hermetically sealed and sterilized without adversely affecting the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container. Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispensing apparatus of the aforementioned character that is of simple compact construction and one that can be used by the military in the field and in the home care environment with a minimum amount of training.

Another object of the invention is to allow infusion therapy to be initiated quickly at the point of care without the assistance of a medical professional.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispensing apparatus of the character described in the preceding paragraphs in which the stored energy source is provided in the form of a variable force spring in which the force variation is achieved by modifying a constant force spring in a manner to controllably vary the cross-sectional mass of the spring along its length.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispensing apparatus of the character described in the preceding paragraphs in which the stored energy source is provided in the form of a variable force spring in which the force variation is achieved by coiling the band portion of the spring about the spring drum in varying degrees of tightness.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispensing apparatus of the class described which includes a fluid flow control assembly that precisely controls the flow of the medicament solution to the patient.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispensing apparatus of the character described in the preceding paragraphs that embodies an integrally formed, aseptically filled, unitary semi-rigid collapsible container that includes a fluid reservoir that contains the beneficial agents to be delivered to the patient.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispensing apparatus of the class described which is of a lightweight, small diameter construction and one that is reliable in operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispensing apparatus that is easy and inexpensive to manufacture in large quantities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a generally perspective view of one form of the apparatus of the invention for dispensing fluids to a patient.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the housing portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings.

FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of the forward portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings.

FIG. 2B is a generally diagrammatical view, similar to FIG. 2A illustrating the step of E-Beam sterilization of the forward portion of the apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a generally perspective exploded view of the forward portion of the apparatus of the invention, including the administration set and illustrating the fluid flow path through the apparatus.

FIG. 3A is a generally perspective exploded view of the rear portion of the apparatus of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 4-4 of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2, but showing the locking assembly in an unlocked configuration to permit rotation of the operating assembly of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view of the rear portion of the apparatus of the invention showing the locking assembly in a locked configuration to prevent rotation of the operating assembly of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6, but showing the locking assembly in an unlocked configuration to permit rotation of the operating assembly of the invention relative to the shuttle assembly.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 5, but illustrating advancement of the shuttle assembly from the position shown in FIG. 5 as a result of the rotation of the operating assembly relative to the shuttle assembly.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 8 illustrating the further advancement of the shuttle assembly from the position shown in FIG. 8 as a result of the continued rotation of the operating assembly relative to the shuttle assembly.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 9 illustrating the further advancement of the shuttle assembly from the position shown in FIG. 9 as a result of the variable force springs of the invention acting upon the shuttle assembly.

FIG. 11 is a top plan view of one form of the rate control chip assembly of the invention for controlling the rate of fluid flow toward the patient.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 12-12 of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a side elevational of view of one of the variable force springs of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the method of coiling the band portion of the spring about the spring drum in varying degrees of tightness.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 14-14 of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 10, but showing the collapsible container of the invention in a collapsed condition following delivery of the medicinal fluid to the patient.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an alternate form of the apparatus of the invention for dispensing fluids to a patient.

FIG. 16A is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating the second assembly of the alternate form of the invention that includes the collapsible container and the stored energy source, shown here as a plurality of tapered springs.

FIG. 17 is a generally illustrative view of the configuration of a retractable spring that would deliver a force that decreases by a factor of w.sub.1/w.sub.2 as a spring returned from its fully extended configuration to its fully coiled configuration.

FIG. 18 is a generally graphical representation, plotting pressure versus the length of the reservoir container when a constant force spring is used to compress a bellows-like reservoir container.

FIG. 19 is a generally graphical representation, similar to FIG. 13, plotting pressure versus the degree of compression for the reservoir container when the container is compressed by a constant force spring.

FIG. 20 is a generally perspective view of an alternate form of the apparatus of the invention for dispensing fluids to a patient.

FIG. 21 is a generally perspective, illustrative view showing the manner of removal of one form of the disabling assembly of the invention.

FIG. 22 is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 20 of the drawings.

FIG. 22A is an exploded perspective view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 20 of the drawings.

FIG. 23 is a side elevational view of the substantially transparent housing of the apparatus shown in FIG. 20 of the drawings.

FIG. 24 is a view taken along lines 24-24 of FIG. 23.

FIG. 25 is a view taken along lines 25-25 of FIG. 23.

FIG. 26 is a generally perspective bottom view of one form of the rotatable end cap of the apparatus of this latest form of the invention.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 22, but showing the shuttle of the apparatus moved forward to a first advanced position.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 27, but showing the shuttle of the apparatus moved forward to a further advanced position.

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 28, but showing the shuttle of the apparatus moved forward to still a further advanced final position.

FIG. 30 is a side view of one form of the shuttle of the apparatus.

FIG. 31A is an end view of one form of the alignment sleeve of the apparatus.

FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 31-31 of FIG. 31A.

FIG. 32 is a side elevational view of one form of the fluidics assembly of the apparatus, including the fluidics hub and the fluidics manifold.

FIG. 33 is a view taken along lines 33-33 of FIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 34-34 of FIG. 33.

FIG. 35 is a top plan view of the rate control chip of this latest form of the apparatus.

FIG. 36 is a generally perspective, illustrative view of the sterilization apparatus of this latest form of the invention.

FIG. 37 is a generally perspective view of still another form of the apparatus of the invention for dispensing fluids to a patient.

FIG. 38 is a generally perspective, illustrative view showing the manner of removal of one form of the disabling assembly of the invention.

FIG. 39 is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 37 of the drawings.

FIG. 40 is an exploded perspective view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 37 of the drawings.

FIG. 41 is a generally perspective, top view of one form of the integral manifold and hub assembly of the apparatus shown in FIG. 37 of the drawings showing the configuration of the spiral rate control chip of this latest form of the apparatus.

FIG. 42 is a generally perspective, bottom view of one form of the integral manifold and hub assembly of the apparatus shown in FIG. 37 of the drawings.

FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of the integral manifold and hub assembly of the apparatus shown in FIG. 41 of the drawings.

FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 39, but showing the shuttle of the apparatus moved forward to a first advanced position.

FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 44, but showing the shuttle of the apparatus moved forward to a further advanced position.

FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 45, but showing the shuttle of the apparatus moved forward to still a further advanced final position.

FIG. 47 is an enlarged, generally perspective view of the collapsible container of the invention, as it appears when interconnected with the threaded shuttle of the invention.

FIG. 48 is an enlarged, generally perspective view of the connector ring of this latest form of the invention, which connector ring is used to interconnect the collapsible container with the threaded shuttle of the invention.

FIG. 49 is an enlarged, generally perspective inverted view of the connector ring shown in FIG. 48.

FIG. 49A is a greatly enlarged, generally perspective view of the area designated in FIG. 49 has 49A illustrating the configuration of the female portion of the connector ring locking assembly.

FIG. 50 is a greatly enlarged, generally perspective fragmentary view similar to FIG. 49A illustrating the configuration of the male portion of the connector ring locking assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions

As used herein the following terms mean:

Unitary Container:

A unitary closed container blow molded from a plastic parison.

Continuous/Uninterrupted Wall:

A wall having no break in uniformity or continuity.

Hermetically Sealed Container:

A container that is designed and intended to be secure against the entry of microorganisms and to maintain the safety and quality of its contents after pressurizing.

Aseptic Processing:

The term ‘aseptic processing’ as it is applied in the pharmaceutical industry refers to the assembly of sterilized components and product in a specialized clean environment.

Sterile Product:

A sterile product is one that is free from all living organisms, whether in a vegetative or spore state.

Blow-Fill-Seal Process:

The concept of aseptic blow-fill-seal (BFS) is that a container is formed, filled, and sealed as a unitary container in a continuous manner without human intervention in a sterile enclosed area inside a machine. The process is multi-stepped; pharmaceutical grade resin is extruded into a tube, which is then formed into a container. A mandrel is inserted into the newly formed container and filled. The container is then sealed, all inside a sterile shrouded chamber. The product is then discharged to a non-sterile area for packaging and distribution.

Collapsible Container:

A dispensing apparatus in which one or more walls of the container are made of a material which will deform (collapse) when pressure is applied thereto; or a dispensing apparatus having a collapsible or telescoping wall structure.

Constant-Force Spring:

Constant-force springs are a special variety of extension spring. They are tightly coiled wound bands of pre-hardened spring steel or stainless steel strip with built-in curvature so that each turn of the strip wraps tightly on its inner neighbor. When the strip is extended (deflected), the inherent stress resists the loading force; the same as a common extension spring but at a nearly constant (zero) rate. The constant-force spring is well suited to long extensions with no load build-up. In use, the spring is usually mounted with the ID tightly wrapped on a drum and the free end attached to the loading force. Considerable flexibility is possible with constant-force springs because the load capacity can be multiplied by using two or more strips in tandem, or back-to-back. Constant-force springs are available in a wide variety of sizes.

Modified Constant-Force Spring (Variable Force Spring):

The modified constant-force spring or variable force spring of the present invention comprises a spring of highly novel configuration that includes an elongated, pre-stressed strip of spring material that may be metal, a polymer, a plastic, or a composite material with built-in curvature so that, like the conventional constant-force spring, each turn of the strip wraps tightly on its inner neighbor. Uniquely, in one form of the invention, the pre-stressed strip of spring material is coiled about the spring drum to predetermined varying degrees of tightness that produces highly specific and desirable linear and non-linear force-distention curves.

Micro-Channel

As used herein, the term of micro-channel means a fluid flow passageway having a width of between about 0.25 in. and about 0.127 in. and a depth of between about 0.25 in. and about 0.127 in.

Ullage

The inwardly extending protuberance formed on the bottom wall of a collapsible container which when the collapsible container is collapsed, substantially fills the upper portion of the container so as to urge substantially all of the fluid from the container.

Apparatus of the Invention

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2, the operating components of one form of the apparatus of the present invention for dispensing fluids to a patient is there shown. This apparatus, which is generally designated in FIG. 1 by the numeral 20, comprises a housing 22 having first and second ends 22 a and 22 b. Connected to the first end of housing 22 by conventional connectors 23 is a first assembly 24 that includes a front cover 26. Disposed within front cover 26 are a connector member, or hub 28 and a penetrating sub-assembly 30 that is connected to the connector member. As best seen in FIG. 2 of the drawings, connector member 28 has a shoulder portion 28 a and a central bore 28 b, the purpose of which will presently be described. Penetrating sub-assembly 30 includes a body portion 30 a and a penetrating member 32 that is connected to and extends outwardly from the body portion. Penetrating member 32 has a fluid passageway 32 a which, in a manner presently to be described, is in communication with the fluid reservoir of the apparatus.

Also forming a part of first assembly 24 is a novel rate control assembly 34 that is connected to penetrating sub-assembly by conventional connectors 35 in the manner shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings. Rate control assembly 34 includes a rate control member, or chip 36, that is provided with a planar surface 36 a having a circuitous micro-channel 40 formed therein. Rate control assembly 34 also includes a very thin, substantially transparent cover 36 c that is adhesively bonded to the rate control member (FIG. 12). Micro-channel 40, which for sake of clarity, is viewed in FIG. 11 through the substantially transparent cover 36 c, has an inlet 40 a that is in communication with the fluid passageway 32 a of the penetrating member 32 and an outlet 40 b that is in communication with the administration set of the apparatus, the character of which will presently be described. While micro-channel 40 can be of various configurations, it preferably has a width of between about 0.250 mm and about 0.127 mm and a depth of between about 0.250 mm and about 0.127 mm.

Disposed within the housing 22 is the important second assembly 42 of the invention (see FIG. 3A). A unique feature of the present invention resides in the fact that the second assembly 42 is controllably, progressively movable within housing 32 between a first position shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings, to a second position shown in FIG. 5, to a third position shown in FIG. 8, to a fourth position shown in FIG. 9 and finally, into a fifth position shown in FIG. 10.

In the present form of the invention, the important second assembly 42 comprises a shuttle 44 and a unitary, hermetically sealed collapsible container 46 that is carried by the shuttle in the manner shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings. In the preferred form of the invention, collapsible container 46 is formed in accordance with an aseptic blow-fill-seal manufacturing technique which is of a character well understood by those skilled in the art. This technique involves the continuous plastic extrusion through an extruder head of a length of parison in the form of a hollow tube between and through two co-acting first or main mold halves. The technique further includes the step of cutting off the parison below the extruder head and above the main mold halves to create an opening which allows a blowing and filling nozzle assembly to be moved downwardly into the opening in the parison for molding the molded container. Further details concerning the technique are available from Rommelag GMBH of Stuttgart, Germany and Weiler Engineering of Elgin, Ill.

In a manner presently to be described, collapsible container 46 is accessible via the previously identified penetrating member 32 that is adapted to pierce the closure wall 48 of the collapsible container, as well as a pierceable membrane 50 which is positioned over closure wall 48 by means of a retainer collar 52 which is affixed to the neck portion 54 of the collapsible container 46 and is also affixed to a container positioning collar 55 which circumscribes the neck portion of the container (FIG. 2). Retaining collar 55 also includes a flange portion 55 a that engages the upper portion of the accordion wall of the container and functions to retain the container in position.

As previously discussed, an important object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus in which the first assembly 24, which includes the penetrating sub-assembly 30 and the rate control assembly 34 and which also includes a portion of the second assembly 42 which comprises the collapsible container 45, can be hermetically sealed and sterilized without adversely affecting the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container.

To accomplish this important objective, a plurality of strategically placed O-rings is provided. As best seen in FIG. 2A, a first O-ring O-1 is provided on the upper portion of connector member, or hub 28, and is arranged to sealably engage the body portion 30 a of penetrating sub-assembly 30. Similarly, a second O-ring O-2, which is provided on the retaining collar 55, is adapted to sealably engage the inner wall portion of the connector member 28. Additionally, a third O-ring O-3, which is carried by the neck portion 54 of the collapsible container 46, is disposed in sealing engagement with a reduced diameter portion 55 a of the retaining collar 55. With this arrangement, the penetrating sub-assembly 30, the rate control chip 36, and a portion of the second assembly 42 which includes the collapsible container 45, can be effectively hermetically sealed.

Referring next to FIG. 2B of the drawings, the electron beam sterilization step of the present invention is there diagrammatically illustrated. With regard to sterilization, ethylene oxide (EO) and gamma radiation are among the most popular and well established processes for sterilizing polymer-based medical devices. However, these techniques can lead to significant alterations in the materials being treated. Accordingly, sterilization of polymer-based medical devices by electron beam has recently become quite popular and has been proven to be both fast and cost effective.

In accordance with this technique, as electrons scan through polymer-based medical devices, they kill its microbial population by directly breaking microbial DNA chains and by creating secondary particles such as free radicals. These unpaired and highly reactive compounds or atoms further react with the microbes. The damaged DNA keeps microorganisms in the product from reproducing, rendering the product sterile. Further, recent experience has shown that a dose delivered rapidly by electron beam reduces the polymer's degradation and embrittlement. This advantage makes electron beam sterilization a clear choice over gamma sterilization for several polymers which, until now, were perceived as having marginal radiation stability.

As depicted in FIG. 2B and in accordance with the method of the present invention, when the electron beam source EBS is strategically positioned in the manner there illustrated, the critical portions of the apparatus can be effectively sterilized without adversely affecting the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container 46. More particularly, by directing the electron beam through a scanning angle of between about 15 and about 20 degrees, through a scanning width of between about 30 and 60 mm and by directing the beam along strategically selected trajectories, such as trajectories T-1, T-2 and T-3, the critical portions of the apparatus such as the penetrating member 32 and the neck 54 of the collapsible container can be effectively sterilized.

As previously discussed, the basic container 46 of the invention is formed using the earlier described aseptic blow-fill-seal technique and the reservoir portion 56 of the container is sealed by the thin closure wall 48. The pierceable membrane 50 is then positioned over the closure wall and the retainer cap 52 is positioned over the pierceable septal membrane 50 and secured to neck portion 54 by any suitable means such as adhesive bonding, sonic or heat welding. As illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawings, the collapsible container 46 also includes an accordion shaped sidewall 58 that is integrally formed with said neck portion 54 and a bottom wall 60 that is integrally formed with the accordion shaped sidewall 58. To ensure that the maximum amount of medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container is dispensed to the patient, bottom wall 60 is provided with an ullage, here provided as an inwardly extending, generally cup-shaped protuberance 60 a. As illustrated in FIG. 15 of the drawings, when the container is collapsed, protuberance 60 a resides within and substantially fills the upper portion of the collapsible container that was previously filled with the medicinal fluid. In this way, substantially all of the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container is urged therefrom.

Also forming a part of the important second assembly of the invention is a novel stored energy means that is operably associated with shuttle 44 for moving the shuttle 44 and the collapsible container 46 within the housing 22. More particularly, as will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter, the novel stored energy means of the invention uniquely functions to move the shuttle within the housing from the first advanced position shown in FIG. 9 of the drawings to the second advanced position shown in FIG. 10 wherein the piercing member pierces the septal membrane 50 and the pierceable top wall 48 of the collapsible container 46 to open communication between said fluid passageway 32 a of said penetrating member and the reservoir 56 of said collapsible container. After communication is open between the fluid passageway of the penetrating member and the collapsible container, the stored energy means then moves the shuttle into the third advanced position shown in FIG. 15 wherein the side wall 58 of the collapsible container is collapsed and the medicinal fluid has been delivered to the patient.

In the present form of the invention, this important stored energy means comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart variable force springs 62, each of which comprises a drum assembly 64 and an elongated band of material 66, a portion of which is wound about the drum assembly. Each of the drum assemblies 64, which includes a spindle 64 a, is carried by the shuttle 44 in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4 of the drawings so that the elongate bands 66 extend over the collapsible container and the end portions 66 a thereof are fixedly connected to the connector member 28 by suitable connectors 67. It is this unique construction that enables the diameter of the housing 22 to be maintained at a minimum.

Variable force springs 62 here comprise constant force springs that have been strategically modified in a manner presently to be described and as illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 of the drawings. Conventional constant-force springs of the character that are here strategically modified, which are typically referred to as Negator extension springs, are commercially available from several sources, including Barnes Group Inc. of Bristol, Conn., Stock Drive Products/Sterling Instrument of Hyde Park, N.Y. and Walker Corporation of Ontario, Calif. The conventional constant-force extension spring is basically a high stress, long deflection device that offers great advantages for a variety of applications where very low or zero gradient is desired, where space is a factor and where very high reliability, accuracy, and forced tolerance is required. A constant-force spring is typically a roll of pre-stressed, strip of metal that exerts a nearly constant restraining force to resist uncoiling. In conventional constant-force springs, the force is constant because the change in the radius of the curvature is constant. The force delivered by a typical prior art constant force spring such as the Negator extension spring, depends on several structural and geometric factors. Structural factors include material composition and heat treatment. Geometric factors include the thickness of the spring, the change in radius of curvature of the spring as the spring is extended, and the width of the spring.

Also forming a part of the apparatus of the present invention is a novel third, or operating assembly 70 that is connected to housing 22 at a location proximate the second end 22 b thereof. Third assembly 70 here comprises an internally threaded operating member 72 that is threadably connected to the external threads 73 of the shuttle 44. In a manner presently to be described, controlled manual rotation of the operating member causes the controlled advancement of the second assembly of the invention from the initial position through the second and third, or first advanced position and then into the fourth, or second advanced position.

In the present form of the invention, this important stored energy means comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart variable force springs 62, each of which comprises a drum assembly 64 and an elongated band of material 66, a portion of which is wound about the drum assembly. Each of the drum assemblies 64, which includes a spindle 64 a, is carried by the shuttle 44 in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4 of the drawings so that the elongate bands 66 extend over the collapsible container and the end portions 66 a thereof are fixedly connected to the connector member 28 by suitable connectors 67. It is this unique construction that enables the diameter of the housing 22 to be maintained at a minimum.

Third assembly 70 here also comprises a novel manually operated locking assembly 76 that functions to releasably lock the operating member 72 in the first, or starting position shown in FIGS. 2 and 6. Locking assembly 76 here comprises a generally planar locking member 78 that includes a generally circular shaped central portion 80 having a central aperture 80 a and a pair of circumferentially spaced, generally arcuate shaped grooves 82 that terminate at one end in semicircular shaped openings 82 a. Locking member 78 also includes three circumferentially spaced apart, radially outwardly extending arms 78 a.

Operably associated with the locking member 78 is a pusher assembly that is generally designated in FIGS. 3A and 5 by the numeral 84. This important pusher assembly which is movable between a first extended position shown in FIG. 6 and a second forward position shown in FIG. 7, comprises a pusher member 86 having a centrally located, forwardly extending shaft 88 that is receivable within central aperture 80 a of locking member 78. Pusher assembly 84 also includes a pair of forwardly extending shafts 90, each having an enlarged head portion 90 a and a cylindrical shaped shaft portion that is receivable within a selected one of the plurality of arcuate shaped grooves 82. When the pusher assembly is in the locked position shown in FIG. 6, the enlarged head portions 90 a of the shafts 90 are locked within the semicircular openings 82 a, thereby blocking rotation of the operating member 72. More particularly, as best seen in FIG. 6 of the drawings, when the locking assembly is in the retracted position there shown, the extremity of the arm identified in FIG. 6 as 85 is in engagement with a locking shoulder 72 a formed internally of the operating member 72. With this construction, any attempt to rotate the operating member will be blocked by the enlarged head portions 90 a of the shafts 90. However, when the locking assembly is manually moved into the forward release position shown in FIG. 7, the enlarged head portions of the shafts are moved inwardly relative to locking member 78 and out of engagement with the semicircular openings 82 a, thereby permitting rotation of the operating member 72. As the operating member is rotated, the second assembly 42 will be caused to move forwardly of the housing 22 from the position shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings into the position shown in FIG. 5 of the drawings. Continued rotation of the operating member will cause the second assembly to continue to move forwardly of the housing 22 from the position shown in FIG. 2, into the position shown in FIG. 5, and then into the position shown in FIG. 9.

As discussed in the previous paragraph, with the apparatus in the configuration shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the operating member 72 is locked against rotation relative to the shuttle. Accordingly, in order to commence the fluid delivery process, it is necessary to manually urge the locking assembly inwardly into the release position shown in FIG. 7. Rotation of the operating member will then cause the second assembly 42 to move progressively forward of the housing 22 from the first initial position shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings, to a second position shown in FIG. 5, to a third position shown in FIG. 8 and to a fourth position shown in FIG. 9. As the second assembly moves forwardly of the housing, a plurality of outwardly extending, circumferentially spaced protuberances 94 formed on the shuttle member will slide along within the circumferentially spaced grooves 96 formed in housing 22, thereby guiding its forward movement.

It is to be noted that when the shuttle 44 reaches the first advanced position shown in FIG. 9 wherein the pierceable top wall of said collapsible container is disposed proximate the piercing member, the threads of the shuttle become free of the threads on the operating member, thereby permitting the variable force springs to wind about their respective drums and in so doing to thrust the collapsible container forwardly of the housing from the first advanced position to a second advanced position wherein the penetrating member 32 will completely pierce the elastomeric septum 50 and the closure wall 48 of the collapsible container in the manner illustrated in FIG. 10 of the drawings.

Once communication is established between the penetrating member 32 and the reservoir 56 of the collapsible container, the variable force springs 62 will continue to wind about their respective drums and in so doing will cause the shuttle to move forwardly into a third advanced position shown in FIG. 15 of the drawings wherein the side wall of said collapsible container is collapsed. As the container collapses, the protuberance 60 a will move toward the neck of the container and into the position shown in FIG. 15 wherein it fills a substantial portion of the reservoir of the collapsible container. As illustrated in FIG. 3 of the drawings, as the container collapses, the medicinal fluid contained within the reservoir will controllably flow from the reservoir in the direction of the arrow “F-1” into the internal passageway 32 a of the penetrating member 32.

As previously mentioned, the stored energy means of the present invention which functions to collapse the collapsible container 46, here comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced, variable force springs 62. Each of the variable force springs comprises a drum assembly 64 and a band of material 66 having a first portion wound about the drum assembly and a second end portion 66 a connected to the body portion 28 of first assembly 24. Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14 of the drawings, one example of the coiling method of the variable force springs 62 is there illustrated. In accordance with this coiling method, the band portion of the spring is initially wound tightly about the drum 64 to produce a first segment 96 having a diameter “D-1”. This done, the band portion is then coiled, or wound more loosely about the drum 64 to produce a second segment 98 having a diameter “D-2”. Finally, the band portion is coiled, or wound even more loosely about the drum 64 to produce a third segment 100 having a diameter “D-3”.

By coiling the springs about their respective drums with a variation of coil tightness in the manner described in the preceding paragraph and as illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, springs having highly specific and desirable linear and non-linear force-distention curves can be produced which will meet the fluid delivery requirements of the invention.

Spring assemblies, such as those depicted in FIGS. 13 and 14 of the drawings, that exhibit a variation of coil tightness that produce highly specific and desirable linear and non-linear force-distention curves to meet the fluid delivery requirements of the invention, are available by custom order from various sources, including Vulcan Mfg. & Spring Company of Telford, Pa.

As previously discussed, with the construction described in the preceding paragraphs, as the accordion-like side wall 58 of the container 46 collapses in a controlled manner in the manner illustrated in FIG. 15 of the drawings, fluid will flow from reservoir 56 into the flow passageway 32 a of penetrating member 32 (see FIG. 3). From the penetrating member, the fluid will flow in the direction of the arrow “F-2” into the inlet 40 a of the micro-channel 40 of the rate control means of the invention which functions to precisely control the rate of fluid flow from the fluid reservoir 56 toward the patient. After flowing through the micro-channel 40 at a controlled rate, the fluid will flow in the direction of the arrows “F-3” into the connector block 31 (FIG. 3) and then in the direction of the arrows “F-4” into the proximal end 106 a of line 106 of the administration set 104 via conventional connectors 31 a and 105. It is apparent that by varying the geometry, including the length, width and depth of the micro-channel 40, the rate of fluid flow to the administration set and to the patient can be readily varied.

Disposed between the proximal end 106 a and the distal end 106 b of the administration line is a conventional clamp 108, a conventional gas vent and a conventional filter 110 and an injector site 112, shown here as a conventional “Y” site. Provided at the distal end 106 b of the administration line is a luer connector 114 and luer cap 114 a of conventional construction.

As in the earlier described embodiment of the invention, critical portions of the device can be hermetically sealed and sterilized without adversely affecting the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container.

Referring next to FIG. 16 of the drawings, an alternate form of the apparatus of the invention for dispensing fluids to a patient is there shown. While the second assembly of the apparatus is somewhat different from that of the earlier described second assembly 42 of the earlier described embodiment, the balance of the apparatus is substantially identical in construction and operation to that previously described. Accordingly, like numerals are used in FIG. 16 to identify like components.

As in the earlier described embodiment and as illustrated in FIG. 16 of the drawings, the somewhat differently configured second assembly 120 of this latest form of the invention is disposed within a housing 22 of the character previously described and cooperates with the first and third assemblies 24 and 70 in the manner previously described. During the operation of the apparatus that includes the alternate form of the second assembly 120, the second assembly is progressively movable within housing 22 between a first position, to a second position, to a third position, to a fourth position and, finally, into a fifth position.

Referring particularly to FIG. 16A of the drawings, it can be seen that second assembly 120 here comprises a shuttle 44 and a unitary, hermetically sealed collapsible container 46 that is carried by the shuttle. In the manner previously described, collapsible container 46 is accessible via the previously identified penetrating member 32 that is adapted to pierce the closure wall 48 of the collapsible container (see FIG. 16), as well as a pierceable membrane 50 which is positioned over closure wall 48 by means of a retainer collar 52 which is affixed to the neck portion 54 of the collapsible container 46 and is also affixed to a container positioning collar 55 which circumscribes the neck portion of the container.

As in the earlier described embodiment of the invention, critical portions of the device can be hermetically sealed and sterilized without adversely affecting the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container.

Importantly, this latest form of the invention includes differently configured variable force springs 122. More particularly, the variable force characteristics of the springs of this latest form of the invention are uniquely achieved by varying the cross-sectional mass of the elongated band portion of the spring. Here, the variable cross-sectional mass of the spring is achieved by a constant force spring that has been modified to exhibit varying width along its length. More particularly, as illustrated in FIG. 16A of the drawings, this latest form of the modified spring exhibits a tapered body, or an elongated band portion 122 a.

Springs 122 can be constructed from various materials, such as metal, plastic, ceramic, composite and alloys, that is, intermetallic phases, intermetallic compounds, solid solution, metal-semi metal solutions including but not limited to Al/Cu, Al/Mn, Al/Si, Al/Mg, Al/Mg/Si, Al/Zn, Pb/Sn/Sb, Sn/Sb/Cu, Al/Sb, Zn/Sb, In/Sb, Sb/Pb, Au/Cu, Ti/Al/Sn, Nb/Zr, Cr/Fe, non-ferrous alloys, Cu/Mn/Ni, Al/Ni/Co, Ni/Cu/Zn, Ni/Cr, Ni/Cu/Mn, Cu/Zn, Ni/Cu/Sn. These springs comprise a novel modification of the prior art constant force springs to provide variable springs suitable for use in many diverse applications.

With the foregoing in mind, if one wanted to produce a spring that delivered a force that increased by a factor of two as the spring returned from its fully extended conformation to its equilibrium, or fully coiled conformation, one would require that, as illustrated in FIG. 17 of the drawings, the width of the spring change by a factor of two along its length. In the example illustrated in FIG. 18, the force will decrease by a factor of w.sub.1/w.sub.2 as the spring changes from a fully extended configuration to a fully retracted configuration.

One form of the modified spring of this latest form of the invention can be described algebraically as follows: If x denotes the position of a point along a line that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spring and w(x) denotes the width of the spring at that point, then: w(x)=(constant)x. This describes the case wherein the width varies linearly with x as is shown in FIG. 17 of the drawings.

However, it is to be observed that the relationship between a position along the longitudinal axis of the spring and the width of the spring at that position need not be linear as shown in FIG. 17. Further, the width of the spring could be any arbitrary function of x. Thus: w(x)=f(x) where (x) denotes an arbitrary function of x.

Using this concept, a spring can be designed that can be used to controllably compress a bellows type reservoir such as reservoir 56, which when compressed by the modified springs 120, exhibits a pressure vs. degree of compression curve of the character shown in FIG. 19. Stated another way, it is apparent that the concept can be employed to design a spring that generates a pressure that is independent of the degree of compression of the bellows-type reservoir.

By way of example, suppose that the pressure vs. degree of compression curve for a bellows-like container when compressed by a constant force spring is exemplified by the curve P(x) and the force of the constant force spring is “FCFS”. Further assume that the drop in pressure as the container is compressed is due to the force “BF(x)”, which is the force required to compress the container. Then the net force producing the pressure in the container can then be written: F(x)=FCFS-BF(x). Assume for simplicity that the area on which the force F acts is constant and is represented by “A”. Then the pressure in the bottle is: P(x)=(FCFS-BF(x))/A. This equation describes, in functional form, the curve labeled P(x) in FIG. 18 and includes explicitly the contributions of the two forces generating the pressure within the reservoir 56 of the bellows-like container that is the force due to the spring and the force due to the bellows-like container.

The foregoing analysis allows one to design a spring, the force of which changes in such a way that the sum of all forces generating the pressure in the container is independent of the degree of the compression of the container, i.e., independent of the variable x. The force delivered by such a spring can be stated as: F(x)=FCFS+AF(x). Where “FCFS” is the force delivered by the original constant force spring and AF(x) is an additional force whose functional form is to be determined. Thus, the modified spring can be thought of as being composed of two parts, one part delivers the force of the original constant force spring (a force independent of x) and the other delivers a force that depends on the variable x.

For this system, the net force generating the pressure in the reservoir of the bellows-like collapsible container, such as container 46, is stated as:

FS(x)=F.sub.ms(x)−BF(x)=FCFS+AF(x)−BF(x).

Assuming that: AF(x)=BF(x) for all x. Then the total force compressing the container is: FS(x)=FCFS+AF(x)−AF(x)=FCFS which force is independent of the degree of compression of the collapsible container, and wherein the pressure within the container is independent of the degree of compression of the container.

P.sub.ms(x), (FCFS+AF(x)−AF(x))/A=FCFS/A. Where P.sub.ms(x) denotes the pressure in the fluid reservoir when the modified spring of the invention is used.

In designing the modified spring of this latest form of the invention, the information contained in the pressure vs. displacement curve when the container is compressed by a constant force spring can be used to determine how the cross-sectional mass, in this case the width of the spring, must vary as a function of x in order that the pressure in the container when compressed with the modified spring remains constant.

The force delivered by the spring being linearly dependent on the width of the spring if all other things remain constant, thus:

AF(x)=(constant)w(x)

Substituting this into equation:

P(x)=(FCFS−BF(x))/A, then:

P(x)=(FCFS−AF(x))/A=(FCFS−constant)w(x))A

However, it is to be observed that FCFS/A−P(x) is just the difference between the two curves shown in FIG. 19, FCFS/A being the horizontal line. Thus, the modification to the width, denoted w(x), of the original constant force spring is proportional to the difference between the two curves shown in FIG. 19. In other words, the shape of the change in the width of the spring as a function of x is similar to the difference between the two curves as a function of x. Furthermore, one can simply “read off” the shape of the curve w(x) from the pressure vs. displacement curve.

The broader utility of a variable force spring whose width defines the specific force may be that the spring design can be appropriately constructed to deliver a non-linear and highly variable force to meet a specific requirement. In this way, a spring that has a width that simply decreases as it is unrolled could be used. Alternatively, the spring could have an increasing width, followed by a width that decreases again during its distention. The spring force provided is therefore highly tunable to meet a variety of applications and requirements, simply by constructing a spring of specific width at the desired distension.

Once communication is established between the penetrating member and the reservoir 56 of the collapsible container in the manner previously described, the three circumferentially spaced, variable force springs 122 will continue to wind about their respective drums 122 b and in so doing will cause the shuttle to move forwardly, causing the collapse of the collapsible container and the movement of the protuberance 60 a into the position wherein it fills a substantial portion of the reservoir of the collapsible container. As the container collapses, the medicinal fluid contained within the reservoir will controllably flow into the internal passageway 32 a of the penetrating member 32, through the rate control means of the invention and then to the administration set which is of the character previously described.

Referring now to FIGS. 20 through 26, an alternate form of the apparatus of the invention for dispensing fluids to a patient is there shown. This apparatus, which is generally designated in FIG. 20 by the numeral 130, is similar in many respects to the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 19 and like numbers are used in FIGS. 20 through 26 to identify like components. Apparatus 130 here comprises a substantially transparent, generally cylindrically shaped hollow plastic housing 132 having first and second ends 132 a and 132 b, an intermediate concave portion 132 c and a longitudinally extending center line 132 d (see FIG. 23). As shown in FIG. 20, housing 132 is provided with a covering 133 that includes identifying indicia and a viewing window 133 a, the purpose of which will presently be described.

Connected to the first end of housing 132 is a first assembly 134 that includes a front cover 136. Disposed within front cover 136 are a connector member, or fluidics hub 138 and a penetrating sub-assembly 140 that is connected to the connector member (see FIG. 22). As best seen in FIG. 34 of the drawings, connector member 138 has a shoulder portion 138 a and a central bore 138 b. As illustrated in FIG. 34, penetrating sub-assembly 140 includes a mounting plate 141 and a penetrating member 142 that is connected to the mounting plate and extends outwardly along the longitudinal center line of housing 132. Penetrating member 142 has a fluid passageway 142 a which, in a manner presently to be described, is in communication with the fluid reservoir of the apparatus.

Also forming a part of first assembly 134 is a novel rate control assembly 144 that is connected to penetrating sub-assembly in the manner shown in FIG. 22 of the drawings. Rate control assembly 144 includes a rate control member, or chip 146, that is provided with a planar surface 146 a having a circuitous micro-channel 150 formed therein (see FIG. 35). Micro-channel 150 has an inlet 150 a that is in communication with the fluid passageway 142 a of the penetrating member 142 and an outlet 150 b that is in communication with the administration set of the apparatus, the character of which will presently be described. While micro-channel 150 can be of various configurations, it preferably has a width of between about 0.250 mm and about 0.127 mm and a depth of between about 0.250 mm and about 0.127 mm.

Disposed within the housing 132 is the important second assembly 152 of the invention (see FIG. 22). A unique feature of the present invention resides in the fact that the second assembly 152 is controllably, progressively movable within housing 132 between a first position shown in FIG. 22 of the drawings, to a second position shown in FIG. 27 and finally, into a third position shown in FIG. 29.

In this latest form of the invention, the important second assembly 152 comprises a shuttle 154 having external threads 154 a and a unitary, hermetically sealed collapsible container 156 that is carried by the shuttle in the manner shown in FIG. 22 of the drawings. As before, collapsible container 156 is formed in accordance with an aseptic blow-fill-seal manufacturing technique which is of a character well understood by those skilled in the art and previously described herein. As illustrated in the drawings, collapsible container 156 has a longitudinal center line 156 a that is aligned with the longitudinal center line of the housing. Collapsible container 156 includes a neck portion 156 b having a closure wall 156 c, an accordion like sidewall 156 d, a base portion 156 e having an inwardly extending protuberance or ullage 156 f and a fluid reservoir 156 g (see FIG. 22).

As illustrated in FIG. 30 of the drawings, externally threaded shuttle 154 uniquely includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced alignment protuberances 154 p that are closely receivable within the inwardly extending protuberance or ullage 156 f of the collapsible container (see FIGS. 22 and 22A). As indicated in the drawings, alignment protuberances 154-p function to precisely align the longitudinal axis of the collapsible container with the longitudinal axis of housing 132. When the collapsible container is in position on the threaded shuttle, it can be affixed to the protuberances 154-p in any suitable manner, such as by a plurality of strips of adhesive tape 157. In a manner presently to be described, collapsible container 156 is accessible via the previously identified penetrating member 142 that is adapted to pierce the closure wall 156 c of the collapsible container.

Importantly, second assembly 152 also includes an alignment sleeve 160 that functions to actually align the collapsible container 156. As depicted in FIG. 31 of the drawings, alignment sleeve 160 has a generally circular shaped flange 162 and a generally cylindrically shaped body portion 164 that extends forwardly from flange 162. Body portion 164 is provided with an axial bore 164 a that telescopically receives the neck portion 156 b of the collapsible container (see FIG. 22). A yieldably deformable locking tab 165 provided on the alignment sleeve engages a circumferentially extending locking ring 167 provided on the neck portion of the collapsible container in a manner to securely hold the collapsible container in a centered position within the alignment sleeve (see FIGS. 22 and 31).

Rotatably connected to and closing the second end 132 b of housing 132 is a first operating member shown here as an end cap 168 having internal threads 168 a. End cap 168 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart locking fingers 169 that engage a shoulder 132 s formed internally of housing 132 (see FIG. 22). As depicted in FIG. 22 of the drawings, end cap 168 is threadably connected to threaded shuttle 154 for rotational movement relative thereto. With this construction, rotation of end cap 168 relative to the second end of housing 132 functions to controllably move the shuttle along the longitudinally extending center line of the housing from a first starting position shown in FIG. 22 to a second advanced position shown in FIG. 27. As illustrated in FIG. 25 of the drawings, housing 132 is provided with a multiplicity of circumferentially spaced saw tooth like protrusions 132 p. As the end cap is rotated, an outwardly protruding, yieldably deformable locking finger 168 f provided on the end cap rides over the protrusions (see FIG. 26). However, locking finger 168 f is constructed and arranged to engage the saw tooth like protrusions 168 p in a manner to prevent rotation of the end cap in the opposite direction. Accordingly, after the end cap has been fully rotated, it cannot be rotated in either direction.

An important safety feature of the apparatus of this latest form of the invention resides in the provision of a disabling assembly 170 that is carried by housing 132. Disabling assembly 170 uniquely functions to prevent accidental rotation of the operating member or end cap 168 and in this way prevents any delivery of medicament to the patient. As illustrated in FIG. 21 of the drawings in this latest form of the invention, this important disabling assembly comprises a thin-film 172 that encapsulates housing 132, covering 133 and a portion of the internally threaded end cap 168. Thin-film 172 can be constructed from a wide variety of films but preferably comprises a heat shrinkable polyolefin film. At time of use of the apparatus of the invention, the thin-film 172 can be removed in the manner illustrated in FIG. 21 by pulling downwardly on a tear strip 172 t, which forms a part of the disabling assembly 170. After removal of the tear strip, the thin-film 172 can be separated from the apparatus and discarded. Removal of the thin-film permits rotation of the end cap 168 in the manner described in the preceding paragraphs.

To controllably advance the shuttle from the second advanced position shown in FIG. 27 to the third advanced position shown in FIG. 28 and to the fourth, or final position shown in FIG. 29, novel stored energy means are provided. In this latest embodiment of the invention, the stored energy means comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced, variable force springs 176 that are carried by the shuttle in the manner illustrated in the drawings. As in the earlier described embodiments of the invention, the stored energy means functions to controllably collapse the collapsible container 156 and expel the medicinal fluids there from to the patient via the rate control assembly of the invention. The variable force springs 176 are of similar construction and operation to those previously described herein and each comprises a drum assembly 178 and a band of material 180 having a first portion 180 a wound about the drum assembly and a second end portion 180 b connected to connector member, or fluidics hub 138 by a suitable connector, such as connector 181 (see FIG. 22). Each of the drum assemblies 178, which includes a spindle 178 s, is carried by the shuttle 154 in the manner illustrated in the drawings so that the elongate bands 180 extend over the collapsible container and the end portions 180 b thereof are fixedly connected to the connector member 138.

The variable force characteristics of the springs of this latest form of the invention are uniquely achieved by varying the cross-sectional mass of the elongated band portion of the spring. Here, the variable cross-sectional mass of the spring is achieved by a constant force spring that has been modified to exhibit varying width along its length. See for example, the modified spring illustrated in FIG. 16A. As before, springs 176 can be constructed from various materials, such as metal, plastic, ceramic, composites and alloys.

It is important to note that prior to the advancement of the shuttle to the second advanced position shown in FIG. 27, the springs 176 of the second operating assembly are locked against operation by the locking mechanism of the invention. This important locking mechanism, which here comprises a part of the first operating assembly, comprises the threads 168 a of end cap 168 which engage the threads 154 a of the shuttle. However, when the shuttle reaches the second advanced position, the threads 154 a provided on the shuttle no longer engage the threads 168 a of the end cap thereby releasing the springs 176 from their locked inoperative configuration.

With the construction described in the preceding paragraphs, as the accordion-like side wall 156 d of the container 156 collapses in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 28 and 29 of the drawings, fluid will flow from the container reservoir 156 g into the flow passageway 142 a of penetrating member 142 (see FIG. 29). From the penetrating member, the fluid will flow into the inlet 150 a of the micro-channel 150 of the rate control means of the invention which functions to precisely control the rate of fluid flow from the fluid reservoir 156 g toward the patient.

After flowing through the micro-channel 150 at a controlled rate, the fluid will flow into the proximal end of line 106 of the administration set 104 which is of identical construction and operation to that previously described in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the drawings. It is apparent that by varying the geometry, including the length, width and depth of the micro-channel 150, the rate of fluid flow to the administration set and to the patient can be readily varied.

Prior to encapsulating the generally cylindrically shaped, substantially transparent housing 132 and the covering 133 with the shrink wrap film 172, the viewing window 133 a is strategically superimposed over shuttle 154 so that the controlled advancement of the shuttle within the housing by the stored energy means can be observed. By calibrating the viewing window, that is by marking the window with appropriate indices 133 q of quantity, the volume of medicament being delivered to the patient can be constantly monitored by the caregiver.

As in the earlier described embodiment of the invention, critical portions of the device can be hermetically sealed and sterilized without adversely affecting the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container. Referring to FIG. 36 of the drawings, the electron beam sterilization apparatus of this latest form of the invention is there diagrammatically illustrated. As depicted in FIG. 36, in accordance with the method of this latest form of the invention, a plurality of the fully assembled, protectively boxed units 190 are strategically positioned within in a vertical orientation within the forward holding chamber 192 a of a shielded sterilization container 192. A stainless steel shielding panel 194 that extends along the front of the sterilization container is of a critical predetermined height “H” so that it effectively shields all but the upper portions of the boxed units from radiation emanating from the electron beam source EBS. With this arrangement, with the electron beam source EBS strategically positioned relative to the sterilization container in the manner illustrated, the critical portions of the boxed units can be effectively sterilized without adversely affecting the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container 156. More particularly, the critical portions of the units that are to be sterilized, namely the penetrating member 142 and the neck portion of the collapsible container 156, will be exposed to the radiation while the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container is effectively shielded from the radiation by the steel shielding panel 194. Sterilization container 192 also includes a rearward portion 192 b within which a plurality of layers of protective foam 198 are positioned.

Referring now to FIGS. 37 through 50, still another form of the apparatus of the invention for dispensing fluids to a patient is there shown. This apparatus, which is generally designated in FIG. 37 by the numeral 200, is similar in many respects to the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 20 through 36 and like numbers are used in FIGS. 37 through 50 to identify like components. Apparatus 200 here comprises a substantially transparent, generally cylindrically shaped hollow plastic housing 132 having first and second ends 132 a and 132 b, an intermediate concave portion 132 c and a longitudinally extending center line 132 d (see FIG. 39). As shown in FIG. 37, housing 132 is provided with a covering 133 that includes identifying indicia and a viewing window 133 a, the purpose of which will presently be described.

Connected to the first end of housing 132 is a first assembly 204 that includes a front cover 206. Disposed within front cover 206 is a unitary fluidics hub 208 that has a sidewall 208 a defining a central bore 208 b, a closure wall 208 c and a shoulder portion 208 d (FIG. 41). Connected to closure wall 208 c and extending into central bore 208 b along the longitudinal center line 210 of unitary fluidics hub 208 is a penetrating member 212. Penetrating member 212 has a fluid passageway 212 a which, in a manner presently to be described, is in communication with the fluid reservoir of the apparatus. Unlike the first assembly 134 of the previously described embodiment of the invention, wherein the fluidics hub 138 and the penetrating subassembly 140 were separately machined components, the novel unitary fluidics hub 208 of the present invention is of a single, one piece construction. This novel one piece construction eliminates the necessity of welding together the separately machined components of the hub, eliminates the potential for leaks in the assembly at the O-ring joints and substantially simplifies the device assembly process.

Also forming a part of the first assembly 204 is a novel rate control 214 for controlling the rate of flow of medicinal fluids to the patient. Rate control 214 here comprises a spiral micro-channel 218 formed in closure wall 208 c of unitary fluidics hub 208. Micro-channel 218 has an inlet 218 a that is in communication with the fluid passageway 212 a of the penetrating member 212 and an outlet 218 b that is in communication with the administration set of the apparatus via a connector channel 208 e, which forms a part of the unitary fluidics hub 208 of this latest form of the invention (see FIG. 41).

The administration set of the apparatus 104 (FIG. 37) is of identical construction and operation to the administration set of the previously described embodiment of the invention. While spiral micro-channel 218 can be of various configurations, it preferably has a width of between about 0.250 mm and about 0.127 mm and a depth of between about 0.250 mm and about 0.127 mm.

Also disposed within the housing 132 is the important second assembly 222 of the invention (see FIGS. 39 and 47). As in the earlier described embodiment of the invention, second assembly 222 is controllably, progressively movable within housing 132 between a first position shown in FIG. 39 of the drawings, to a second position shown in FIG. 44 and finally, into a third position shown in FIG. 45.

In this latest form of the invention, the important second assembly 222 comprises a shuttle 224 having external threads 224 a and a connector flange 224 b. Second assembly 222 also includes a unitary, hermetically sealed collapsible container 156 that is carried by the shuttle in the manner shown in FIGS. 39 and 47 of the drawings. As before, collapsible container 156 is formed in accordance with an aseptic blow-fill-seal manufacturing technique which is of a character well understood by those skilled in the art and previously described herein. As illustrated in FIGS. 39 and 47 of the drawings, collapsible container 156 has a longitudinal center line 156 a that is aligned with the longitudinal center line of the housing. Collapsible container 156 includes a neck portion 156 b having a closure wall 156 c, an accordion like sidewall 156 d, a base portion 156 e having an inwardly extending protuberance or ullage 156 f and a fluid reservoir 156 g (see FIG. 39).

As illustrated in FIGS. 39 and 40 of the drawings, externally threaded shuttle 224 uniquely includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced alignment protuberances 224-p that are closely receivable within the inwardly extending protuberance or ullage 156 f of the collapsible container. As indicated in the drawings, alignment protuberances 224-p function to precisely align the longitudinal axis of the collapsible container with the longitudinal axis of housing 132. When the collapsible container is in position on the threaded shuttle, it can be affixed thereto by a novel split connector ring 228 of the character shown in FIGS. 48 through 50 of the drawings. Split connector ring 228 has end portions 228 a and 228 b and is provided with a plurality of outwardly extending, circumferentially spaced securement legs 230, each having teeth like gripping segments 230 a that are constructed and arranged to releasably grip the connector flange 224 b of the shuttle 224 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 47 of the drawings. As illustrated in FIGS. 47 and 48 of the drawings, when the collapsible container is in position on the shuttle, the split connector ring 228 can be positioned around the collapsible container so that the securement legs 230 are in close proximity to the connector flange of the shuttle. This done, the split connector ring can be secured to the collapsible container and to the connector flange of the shuttle by connecting together a pair of mating, interlocking connector elements 232 a and 232 b that are provided proximate the end portions 228 a and 228 b of the split connector ring. In this way, the collapsible container 156 is maintained in secure engagement with the threaded shuttle during the fluid delivery step. Interlocking connector elements 232 a and 232 b, which are constructed and arranged to releasably interconnect the end portions of the connector ring, comprise a female portion 232 a and a mating male portion 232 b. As illustrated in FIG. 49A, female portion 232 a is provided with a protuberance 233, while, as shown in FIG. 50, male portion 232 b is provided with a cavity 235. When the end portions of the connector ring are interconnected in the manner shown in FIG. 48, protuberance 233 is lockably received within cavity 235. In a manner presently to be described, collapsible container 156 is accessible via the previously identified penetrating member 142 that is adapted to pierce the closure wall 156 c of the collapsible container.

Importantly, second assembly 222 also includes an alignment sleeve 160 that functions to actually align the collapsible container 156 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 39 of the drawings. Alignment sleeve 160 is of substantially identical construction and operation to that described in the previously considered embodiment of the invention.

Rotatably connected to and closing the second end 132 b of housing 132 is a first operating member shown here as an end cap 238 having internal threads 238 a. End cap 238 threadably connected to threaded shuttle 224 for rotational movement relative thereto. With this construction, rotation of end cap 168 relative to the second end of housing 132 functions to controllably move the shuttle along the longitudinally extending center line of the housing from a first starting position shown in FIG. 39 to a second advanced position shown in FIG. 44. As was the case in the earlier described embodiment of the invention, after the end cap has been fully rotated, it cannot then be rotated in either direction.

Like the earlier described embodiment of the invention, an important safety feature of the apparatus of this latest form of the invention resides in the provision of the disabling assembly 170 that is carried by housing 132. As before, disabling assembly 170 uniquely functions to prevent accidental rotation of the operating member or end cap 168 and in this way prevents any delivery of medicament to the patient. As illustrated in the drawings, this important disabling assembly comprises a thin-film 172 that encapsulates housing 132, covering 133 and a portion of the internally threaded end cap 238. At time of use of the apparatus of the invention, the thin-film 172 can be removed in the manner illustrated in FIG. 38 by pulling downwardly on a tear strip 172 t, which forms a part of the disabling assembly 170. After removal of the tear strip, the thin-film 172 can be separated from the apparatus and discarded. Removal of the thin-film permits rotation of the end cap 238 in the manner described in the preceding paragraphs.

To controllably advance the shuttle 224 from the second advanced position shown in FIG. 44 to the third advanced position shown in FIG. 45 and to the fourth, or final position shown in FIG. 46, novel stored energy means are provided. The stored energy means of this latest form of the invention is substantially identical in construction and operation to that described in connection with the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 20 through 36 and comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced, variable force springs 176 that are carried by the shuttle in the manner illustrated in the drawings. As in the earlier described embodiments of the invention, the stored energy means functions to controllably collapse the collapsible container 156 and expel a selected medicinal fluid there from to the patient via the rate control assembly of the invention.

As before, prior to the advancement of the shuttle to the second advanced position shown in FIG. 44, the springs 176 of the second operating assembly are locked against operation by the locking mechanism of the invention. This important locking mechanism, which here comprises a part of the first operating assembly, comprises the threads 248 a of end cap 248 which engage the threads 224 of the shuttle. However, when the shuttle reaches the second advanced position, the threads 224 provided on the shuttle no longer engage the threads 248 a of the end cap thereby releasing the springs 176 from their locked, inoperative configuration.

With the construction described in the preceding paragraphs, as the accordion-like side wall 156 d of the container 156 collapses in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 45 and 46 of the drawings, fluid will flow from the container reservoir 156 g into the flow passageway 212 a of penetrating member 212 (see FIG. 46). From the penetrating member, the fluid will flow into the inlet of the spiral micro-channel 218 of the rate control means of the invention which functions to precisely control the rate of fluid flow from the fluid reservoir 156 g to the patient.

After flowing through the spiral micro-channel 218 at a controlled rate, the fluid will flow into the proximal end of line 106 of the administration set 104 which is of identical construction and operation to that previously described. It is apparent that by varying the geometry, including the length, width and depth of the spiral micro-channel 218, the rate of fluid flow to the administration set and to the patient can be readily varied.

By way of non-limiting example, collapsible container 156 can be filled with a variety of medicinal fluids, including a medicinal fluid selected from a group consisting of: Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Xylocaine, Acetominophen, Ciprofloxacin, Cefazolin, Cefoxitin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Fluconazole, Cefmetazole, Linezolid, Nafcillin, Zoledronic Acid, Rituximab, Abatacept, Hetastarch, Lactated Ringers, Hydroxyethyl starch, Sodium Chloride, Dextrose, Ondansetron and Furosemide.

Prior to encapsulating the generally cylindrically shaped, substantially transparent housing 132 and the covering 133 with the shrink wrap film 172, the viewing window 133 a is strategically superimposed over shuttle 154 so that the controlled advancement of the shuttle 224 within the housing by the stored energy means can be observed. By calibrating the viewing window, that is by marking the window with appropriate indices 133 q of quantity, the volume of a selected one of the previously identified fluid medicaments that is being delivered to the patient can be constantly monitored by the caregiver.

As in the earlier described embodiment of the invention, critical portions of the device can be hermetically sealed and sterilized without adversely affecting the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container. This sterilization step is substantially identical to that described in connection with the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 20 through 36 of the drawings. As before, the critical portions of the units that are to be sterilized, namely the penetrating member 212 and the neck portion of the collapsible container 156, will be exposed to the radiation while the medicinal fluid contained within the collapsible container is effectively shielded from the radiation by the steel shielding panel 194.

Having now described the invention in detail in accordance with the requirements of the patent statutes, those skilled in this art will have no difficulty in making changes and modifications in the individual parts or their relative assembly in order to meet specific requirements or conditions. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention, as set forth in the following claims. 

1. An apparatus for dispensing medicinal fluids to a patient comprising: (a) A generally cylindrically shaped housing having first and second ends and a longitudinally extending center line; (b) a first assembly connected to said first end of said housing, said first assembly comprising: (i) a front cover; (ii) a unitary fluidics hub disposed within said front cover, said unitary fluidics hub having a sidewall defining a central bore, a closure wall and a penetrating member connected to said closure wall and extending into said central bore, said penetrating member having a fluid passageway; and (iii) a rate control for controlling the rate of flow of medicinal fluids to the patient, said rate control comprising a spiral micro-channel formed in said closure wall of said unitary fluidics hub, said spiral microchannel having an inlet in communication with said fluid passageway of said penetrating member; (c) a second assembly carried by said housing for movement relative thereto between a first position and a second advanced position, said second assembly comprising: (i) a threaded shuttle; (ii) a collapsible container carried by said threaded shuttle, said collapsible container including a neck portion having a closure wall pierceable by said penetrating member and having a longitudinal center line aligned with said longitudinal center line of said housing; and (iii) a split connector ring interconnecting said threaded shuttle and said collapsible container, said split connector ring including a plurality of circumferentially spaced, outwardly extending securement legs, removably connected to said threaded shuttle; (d) a first operating assembly operably associated with said second assembly for controlled movement of said second assembly within said housing from said first position to said second advanced position; (e) a second operating assembly operably associated with said second assembly for controllably advancing said second assembly within said housing from said second advanced position to a further advanced position; and (f) a disabling assembly carried by said generally cylindrically shaped housing for preventing operation of said first operating assembly of said second assembly.
 2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which said second operating assembly comprises a variable force spring.
 3. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further including an alignment sleeve disposed within said housing and operably associated with collapsible container of said first operating assembly for aligning said collapsible container with said longitudinally extending center line of said housing.
 4. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which said collapsible container includes a base portion having an inwardly extending protuberance and in which said threaded shuttle includes an alignment protuberance receivable within said inwardly extending protuberance of said base portion of said collapsible container.
 5. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which said split connector ring includes a plurality of outwardly extending, circumferentially spaced apart securement legs, each having a gripping segment constructed and arranged to releasably grip said shuttle.
 6. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which said split connector ring includes end portions having interlocking connector elements constructed and arranged to releasably interconnect said end portions.
 7. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which said collapsible container is filled with a medicinal fluid selected from a group consisting of: Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Xylocaine, Acetominophen, Ciprofloxacin, Cefazolin, Cefoxitin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Fluconazole, Cefmetazole, Linezolid, Nafcillin, Zoledronic Acid, Rituximab, Abatacept, Hetastarch, Lactated Ringers, Hydroxyethyl starch, Sodium Chloride, Dextrose, Ondansetron and Furosemide.
 8. An apparatus for dispensing medicinal fluids to a patient comprising: (a) A generally cylindrically shaped housing having first and second ends and a longitudinally extending center line; (b) a first assembly connected to said first end of said housing, said first assembly comprising: (i) a front cover; (ii) a unitary fluidics hub disposed within said front cover, said unitary fluidics hub having a sidewall defining a central bore, a closure wall and a penetrating member connected to said closure wall and extending into said central bore, said penetrating member having a fluid passageway; and (iii) a rate control for controlling the rate of flow of medicinal fluids to the patient, said rate control comprising a spiral micro-channel formed in said closure wall of said unitary fluidics hub, said spiral microchannel having an inlet in communication with said fluid passageway of said penetrating member; (c) a second assembly carried by said housing for movement relative thereto between a first position and a second advanced position, said second assembly comprising: (i) a threaded shuttle; (ii) a collapsible container carried by said threaded shuttle, said collapsible container including a neck portion having a closure wall pierceable by said penetrating member and having a longitudinal center line aligned with said longitudinal center line of said housing; and (iii) a split connector ring interconnecting said threaded shuttle and said collapsible container, said split connector ring including a plurality of circumferentially spaced, outwardly extending securement legs, removably connected to said threaded shuttle, each said securement leg having a gripping segment constructed and arranged to releasably grip said shuttle. (d) a first operating assembly operably associated with said second assembly for controlled movement of said second assembly within said housing from said first position to said second advanced position; (e) a second operating assembly operably associated with said second assembly for controllably advancing said second assembly within said housing from said second advanced position to a further advanced position; and (f) a disabling assembly carried by said generally cylindrically shaped housing for preventing operation of said first operating assembly of said second assembly, said disabling assembly comprising a thin-film encapsulating said generally cylindrically shaped housing.
 9. The apparatus as defined in claim 8 in which said second operating assembly comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced, variable force springs carried by said shuttle.
 10. The apparatus as defined in claim 8 further including an alignment sleeve disposed within said housing and operably associated with collapsible container of said first operating assembly for aligning said collapsible container with said longitudinally extending center line of said housing.
 11. The apparatus as defined in claim 8 in which said collapsible container includes a base portion having an inwardly extending protuberance and in which said threaded shuttle includes an alignment protuberance receivable within said inwardly extending protuberance of said base portion of said collapsible container.
 12. The apparatus as defined in claim 8 in which said split connector ring includes end portions having interlocking connector elements constructed and arranged to releasably interconnect said end portions.
 13. The apparatus as defined in claim 8 in which said thin-film of said disabling assembly comprises a heat shrinkable polyolefin film.
 14. The apparatus as defined in claim 8 in which said collapsible container is filled with a medicinal fluid selected from a group consisting of Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Xylocaine, Acetominophen, Ciprofloxacin, Cefazolin, Cefoxitin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Fluconazole, Cefmetazole, Linezolid, Nafcillin, Zoledronic Acid, Rituximab, Abatacept, Hetastarch, Lactated Ringers, Hydroxyethyl starch, Sodium Chloride, Dextrose, Ondansetron and Furosemide.
 15. The apparatus as defined in claim 10 in which said generally cylindrically shaped housing is substantially transparent and in which said apparatus further includes a cover circumscribing said housing and having a window superimposed over said shuttle.
 16. The apparatus as defined in claim 10 further including an administration line connected to said rate control assembly.
 17. The apparatus as defined in claim 10 in which said threaded shuttle includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced alignment protuberances receivable within said ullage of said base portion of said collapsible container.
 18. A method for infusing medicinal fluids into a patient using an apparatus for dispensing medicinal fluids comprising a housing, a penetrating member carried within said housing, a rate control assembly carried within said housing and having a micro-channel in communication with said penetrating member, an administration set carried by said housing and in communication with said micro-channel, a threaded shuttle carried within said housing and movable between a first position and a second position, a collapsible container carried by said threaded shuttle, said collapsible container containing the medicinal fluids to be dispensed to the patient and including a closure wall pierceable by said penetrating member, an end cap threadably connected to said housing and operably associated with said shuttle for moving said shuttle between said first and second positions, a variable force spring carried by said housing and operably associated with said shuttle for advancing said shuttle to a third advanced position and a thin-film encapsulating said housing and a portion of said end cap, said method comprising the steps of: (a) removing said thin-film from said housing; (b) connecting said administration set to the patient; (c) rotating said end cap relative to said housing to advance said shuttle to said first position; (d) using said variable force spring to further advance said shuttle within said housing to cause said penetrating member to penetrate said closure wall of said container; and (e) using said variable force spring to collapse said container and cause fluid to flow through said micro-channel of said rate control assembly and toward said administration line.
 19. The method as defined in claim 18 in which said apparatus for dispensing medicinal fluids further comprises a shielded enclosure for containing the housing and a source of radiation for directing radiation at said shielded enclosure, said method comprising the steps of: (a) placing said housing within said shielded enclosure; and (b) using said source of radiation, directing radiation at said shielded enclosure to irradiate a selected portion of said housing.
 20. The method as defined in claim 19 in which said source of radiation comprises an electron beam. 